Portland’s not perfect, but offers bright ideas for making biking mainstream

​It’s become a cliché that Portland is America’s most livable city, a hotbed of innovations when it comes to green policies, public spaces, pedestrian amenities, transit, public spaces, and, of course, bicycles. In fact some people are growing weary (and the rest of us envious) of hearing about how great things are in Oregon’s largest city.

But clichés often turn out to be true. After spending several days exploring Portland as part of a Bikes Belong Foundation-sponsored transportation workshop for city officials from across the country, I must admit that Portland offers a wealth of inspiration and practical tips for how we can make our towns more bikeable, vital and fun.

 

Yet, as the delegation of transportation leaders from Chicago, Houston, Seattle, Minneapolis and Salt Lake City discovered while biking across the city, Portland is no Ecotopia. Local bikers still contend with roaring traffic on crowded streets and motorists who park illegally in bike lanes or honk for no apparent reason.

 

As Laura Spanjian, Sustainability Director in the Houston mayor’s office, observes, “I was surprised there’s so much traffic. Actually that made me hopeful—that we can do some of the same things in Houston even with all our traffic.”

 

“Portland is still an American city,” explains Roger Geller, the city’s Bicycle Coordinator. “But since the 1990s, we’ve tried to make biking safer and more comfortable, and good things have happened. What you see are the results of a 20-year effort to promote biking.”

 

The accomplishments are impressive. Today 6-8 percent of all trips around Portland are made on bike, the highest rate of any large U.S. city. It’s also the only large city to earn The League of American Bicyclists’ coveted platinum status as a bicycle-friendly city. (The only others in that league are Boulder, Colorado, and Davis, California.)

 

“We don’t see the bicycle as simply an end in itself,” notes Catherine Ciarlo, Transportation Director for Portland Mayor Sam Adams, “but the means to a clean, green, vital city.”

 

She proudly discusses Portland’s 314 miles of bikeways, which fall into four categories:

• Bike lanes, separated from traffic by a painted line (202 miles).
• Neighborhood greenways, residential streets where bikes take priority over cars; also known as bike boulevards (36 miles).
• Bike paths, off-street facilities, typically multi-use, that wind through parks or follow old rail lines (76 miles).
• Cycle tracks, a bike-only space along a busy street where cyclists are physically buffered from cars by a median, grade separation or wide strip of painted pavement (just under a mile completed, but more are underway).

 

Biking is healthy for the economy as well as people

The city is undertaking ambitious new plans to boost biking even more over the next twenty years. Calculated to cost $600 million between now and 2030—a pricetag that’s drawn some criticism in this era of tight municipal budgets—Ciarlo lauds the 2030 Bicycle Master Plan vision as “a good investment” that accounts for no more than five percent of the city’s overall transportation budget.

The progress we’ve made in increasing biking came at a very low cost compared to other transportation funding,” she explains. Geller adds that between 2001 and 2007, bike facilities comprised less than one percent of Portland’s overall capital expenditures for transportation despite carrying between 3% and 7% of all trips.

Bikes actually pump a surprising amount of money into the local economy, according to Ciarlo. It’s a selling point for attracting tourists, and a recent study from CEOs for Cities shows that Portland keeps $800 million that would drain out-of-town if local residents drove cars at the same rate as an average U.S. city. The conclusion is that by spending less money on gas and less time on the highway, Portlanders have more of both to spend at local shops and restaurants.

Mia Birk, Portland’s Bicycle Coordinator from 1993-1999 and now CEO of Alta Planning Design, points to a study showing that bikes now account for $100 million in local economic activity each year (including retail sales, national firms based in Portland, and proceeds from bike events and rides), and are directly responsible for almost 1000 jobs in the region.

Promoting Biking Beyond the Young and the Fearless

Portland’s 2030 Bicycle Master Plan, unanimously adopted by the city council earlier this year, strives to position Portland as “a world class bicycling city” by tripling the overall mileage of bikeways in the hopes of encouraging even more people to ride.

Meanwhile Metro, a government body elected by the entire metropolitan area, is enacting a plan to triple the number of people biking throughout the region over the next 30 years. Their target goal is that 40 percent of all trips of 3 miles or less in the city and suburbs would be done atop a bike by 2040.

“In some neighborhoods in Portland, 10-15 percent of people already bike each day,” notes Lake McTighe, manager of Metro’s Active Transportation Partnership, “which means that we could be making parts of Portland into a mini-Amsterdam or Copenhagen.”

For those who say that people living in outlying suburbs will never bike in large numbers, McTighe answers by quoting from a study by the National Association of Realtors showing that the second most desired amenity homebuyers want today is access to biking and walking trails. (Access to a freeway is first, proving that it’s not question of bikes vs. cars in most people’s minds.)

Both the city’s and Metro’s plans signal a strategic shift in bicycle planning—a new push to serve more than the 8-10 percent of people who now feel at ease biking today. Portland is now focusing on meeting the needs of the 60 percent of people who report in surveys that they’re interested in biking more but feel nervous doing it on streets with cars zooming past.

This means reaching beyond the young, macho, ultra-fit white men we typically think of as urban bikers to broaden the appeal for women, families, middle-aged and non-white riders. In the Netherlands, for instance, where 27 percent of all trips nationally are made on two wheels (up to 50% or more of all trips are pedal-powered in some urban centers), more women ride than men. Even among people over 75, a quarter of all trips are on bike.

The best way to get more people on bikes, according to Portland officials, is to make biking seem less scary.

Actually the numbers of bicycle fatalities is decreasing in cities across the United States, Ciarlo says, and declining even faster in Portland—which shows that the more bicyclists there are on the roads, the safer biking becomes. Mia Birk notes, “As bike use has gone up here, the overall crash rate has gone down.” This is in large part because motorists grow accustomed to seeing bicyclists and keep an eye out for them at intersections.

But even in Portland, many people feel that biking on city streets is a risky proposition. That’s why the new Bicycle Master Plan will augment the city’s established network of bike lanes—where a white line divides riders from cars and trucks—with new facility types where people can ride on less-traveled streets optimized for bike speeds or roads with physical protection between bikes and motorized traffic: neighorhood greenways (bike boulevards) and cycle tracks.

“We’ve found that people will go out of their way to ride on a bike boulevard,” explains Geller. (City officials also welcome opportunities for new off-street bike paths, but that depends on the availability of rail corridors or linear parks.)

Portland’s plans also involve ways to increase the safety and comfort of bicyclists when they do come face-to-face with traffic at in intersection. Among these innovations, many of which have been used elsewhere in the world for years, are:

• Bike boxes, a designated area in busy intersections where bicyclists can gather in plain view of cars at the stoplight, increasing visibility and reducing the risk of being struck by right-turning cars and trucks.
• Colorized bike lanes, which offer a clear visual reminder to motorists and bicyclists that they share space on the roadway.
• Traffic signals for bikes, which better informs cyclists of the safest time to cross, and sometimes gives them a head
• Traffic calming, an entire toolkit of roadway techniques that remind drivers to heed speed limits and look out for bikers and pedestrians on the streets. These include everything from the familiar traffic humps and median strips to elevated crosswalks and traffic diverters, which give bicycles priority on some streets.

 

A greater sense of safety and ease is not the only thing that gets folks out of their cars or off their couches and onto their bikes. Many people have not cycled since childhood and need some spirited encouragement to try it again. That’s the point of an ambitious social marketing effort called Smart Trips.

The campaign zeroes in on a particular part of the city where car use is higher than average, and starts by mailing out a jazzy flyer to everyone asking about their interest in biking, walking or taking transit. All who show interest get a visit from a friendly transportation ambassador, a personal mobility coach who can answer questions and address concerns about getting around in Portland. Someone curious about bicycling would receive maps and materials on the best routes in their area and an invitation from a transportation ambassador for an escorted ride to work. Geller notes that follow-up research in neighborhoods served by Smart Trips shows a nine-percent drop in single-occupancy-vehicle driving.

Sunday is Funday

The rewards of biking go further than saving money, reducing CO2 emissions and losing weight. A sense of fun and celebration figures prominently Portland’s efforts to improve cycling.

That’s the point behind Portland’s Sunday Parkways Celebrations, when certain streets are temporarily repurposed so bicyclists and walkers can experience the pleasure of moving about town free from the stress of negotiating with cars and trucks. It happens in different neighborhoods throughout the summer, and the Sunday I was in town a 4.5-mile figure-eight course running through downtown and adjacent Northwest Portland neighborhoods was cleared of motor vehicles.

It was an amazing experience to pedal up to an intersection and be waved through by a traffic cop as motorists patiently waited for two-wheeled and two-legged traffic to cross. Even intermittent rain showers did not deter thousands of cyclists from turning out—including a large number of parents pulling kids in trailers or tag-alongs. All along the route food vendors, entertainers and bicycle information booths gave riders a reason to dismount. I can’t think of anything better to excite youngsters about the rewards of biking and walking around town.

This was the third year for the event, which has grown from a single Sunday in 2008. The Sunday Parkways program is inspired by Ciclovía, a car-free Sunday ride pioneered in the Colombian cities of Bogotá, Cali and Medellín. In Bogotá, as many as 2 million people (30 percent of the city’s population) turn out to bike or stroll more than 120 kilometers of city streets. The celebration has spread throughout Latin America and the world, including Los Angeles, Miami, Vancouver, Cleveland, Detroit, Tucson, El Paso and Atlanta.

Learning from Portland’s Success

Here’s a selection of reactions from transportation leaders on the Bikes Belong Portland tour about what ideas they are bringing home to their own cities:

Malihe Samadi, Senior Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago: “I am very interested in doing some of these bike boulevards in Chicago, and I want to see how these buffered bike lanes (cycle tracks) would work.”

Yadollah Montazery, Assistant Director of Traffic Engineering, City of Chicago: “I was very impressed with the continuity of the bike lanes; there was never a place where theysuddenly stop like in many cities. And the bicycle markings in the street were not faded.”

Scott Dibble, State Senator from Minneapolis: “I was excited to learn about the bike boulevards and the bike corrals” (where a few parking spaces on commercialstreets are replaced with bike parking, which have proven surprisingly popular with some business owners).

Becka Roolf, Pedestrian/Bicyle Coordinator, City of Salt Lake City: “I am looking at the buffered bike lanes and the great bike maps, which I think would be very useful to new riders.”

Anne Clutterbuck, Houston City Council: “I was struck by the realization that even in Portland it takes a long time to make things happen, and that it’s not all about cars or even bikes—all forms of transportation have a place.”

Laura Spanjian, Sustainability Director for the Mayor of Houston: “I got a sense that you need to do a lot of different things to make things happen. And I liked the Sunday Parkways bike ride” (where city streets are closed occasionally letting bicyclists and pedestrians become queens and kings of the road).

Eric Widstrand, Chief Traffic Engineer, City of Seattle: “What am I taking back? As much as I can. I am here to steal ideas, starting with the left bike turn lanes.”

Tim Blumenthal, President of Bikes Belong: “I’m amazed how much you can accomplish to promote biking for very little money by applying some paint to the streets.”

Zach Vanderkooy, Best Practices Program Coordinator for Bikes Belong: “I am really surprised at how much less stressful it is to bike now than when I rode to high school here in the mid-1990s.”

What place is the next Portland?

But what about the folks who want other examples of great biking cities in addition to Portland?

 

When I asked that question of Mia Birk, founder and CEO of Alta Planning Design, a sustainable transportation firm with 14 offices around the country, she quickly drew up a list on the back of an envelope. Minneapolis, New York, Chicago, Seattle and D.C. are leaders among large U.S. cities, she explains.(Minneapolis, in fact, recently unseated Portland for the title of America’s Most Bike-Friendly city in Bicycling magazine—a decision that was disputed by many here.)

Birk also points to other places beginning to do “cool stuff” around biking: St. Louis, Boston, Dallas, Des Moines, Long Beach, Philadelphia, Fayetteville (Arkansas), Tacoma (Washington), Greenville (South Carolina) and Jackson Hole (Wyoming).

So who knows? Some day, not too far off in the future, city officials seeking great new ideas about biking may be traveling to Iowa or Houston, as well as Portland.

After all, “no one in the 1970s or ‘80s would have singled out Portland as a great town for biking,” admits City Bicycle Coordinator Roger Geller. Jay Walljasper, author of the forthcoming book All That We Share, is a contributing editor to National Geographic Traveler, editor of OnTheCommons.org and Senior Fellow of Project for Public Spaces.

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